, 2010) and France (Salim & Ravanel, 2020).ģ However, current climate change and its significance in mountain areas (Einhorn et al. Glaciers around the world attract thousands –even millions– of visitors per year, such as in New Zealand (Purdie, 2013), Canada (Groulx et al.
Since then, Alpine glaciers have been invested and developed for both summer and winter tourism.Ģ Mountain glaciers are currently of considerable importance as a tourist attraction. Pococke in 1741 led to its development as a tourist destination (Joutard, 1986). At the Mer de Glace (Mont Blanc massif, France), the visit by the two Englishmen W. Münster in 1561, a precise description was made only in 1708 (Jorio, 2002). Although a first –relatively brief– description of the Rhone Glacier (Valais, Switzerland) was published by the scientist S. However, since the beginning of the 18 th century, an increasing number of tourists have sought to reach and observe these ice masses. In specific contexts, mainly outside Europe, it was (is sometimes) regarded as the incarnation of superior forces (Cruikshank, 2005). This study has also received financial support from the EU ALCOTRA AdaPT Mont Blanc project (Adaptation of territorial planning to climate change in the Mont Blanc area) funded by the Interreg V-A Italy-France 2014-2020 programme Introductionġ Glacier have been a source of natural hazards and fears for mountain societies for a very long time (Engel & Vallot, 2016). This work is part of a doctoral project supported by the ANR under the LABEX ITEM ANR-10-LABX-50-01 programme.
The authors thank Fenja Hildendrand for her help with the German translation of the manuscript and Sarah Voke for her help with the English translation. These results raise questions about the way in which these sites was and will develop and the role climate change plays, both of which constitute potential research topics for the future. Spatial analysis also shows that the premium and distinctive sites are mainly located around the major Alpine tourist destinations (Chamonix, Zermatt and Grindelwald), while the others are more homogeneously distributed. six types of sites: contemplative, experiential, recreational, interpretative, premium and distinctive. The coexistence of these forms of tourism at glacier sites reveals six possible combinations, i.e. The analysis of the way various sites function demonstrates that these practices can be related to the different forms of tourism that exist in the scientific literature: modern, post-modern and hyper-modern tourism. An inventory carried out on an Alpine scale shows that different tourist practices (contemplation, visit of ice caves, recreational activities, environmental education, and luxury) can coexist. In this context, this paper aims to question the tourism forms which are currently identifiable within Alpine glacier tourism sites. However, current climate change is now posing a new threat.
Glaciers have been popular tourist attractions for almost two centuries.
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